How can one know it all?

UNIT 1
The First Civilizations
and Empires, 12
Prehistory–A.D. 500
CHAPTER 1
The First Humans,
Prehistory–3500 B.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1 Early Humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2 The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise
of Civilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
CHAPTER 2
Western Asia and Egypt,
3500–500 B.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1 Civilization Begins in Mesopotamia . . . . . . . . . . 37
2 Egyptian Civilization: “The Gift of the Nile” . . . . 45
3 New Centers of Civilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4 The Rise of New Empires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
CHAPTER 3
India and China, 3000 B.C.–A.D. 500 . . . . 68
1 Early Civilization in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2 New Empires in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3 Early Chinese Civilizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4 Rise and Fall of Chinese Empires . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
CHAPTER 4
Ancient Greece, 1900–133 B.C. . . . . . . . . 106
1 The First Greek Civilizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
2 The Greek City-States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
3 Classical Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
4 The Culture of Classical Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
5 Alexander and the Hellenistic Kingdoms . . . . . .138
CHAPTER 5
Rome and the Rise of Christianity
600 B.C.–A.D. 500. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
1 The Rise of Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
2 From Republic to Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
3 Culture and Society in the Roman World . . . . .163
4 The Development of Christianity . . . . . . . . . . . .169
5 Decline and Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

UNIT 2
New Patterns of
Civilization, 400–1500 184
CHAPTER 6
The World of Islam, 600–1500. . . . . . . . 188
1 The Rise of Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
2 The Arab Empire and Its Successors . . . . . . . . .196
3 Islamic Civilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
4 The Culture of Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
SPECIAL FEATURE
World Religions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214–219
CHAPTER 7
Early African Civilizations,
2000 B.C.–A.D. 1500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
1 The Development of Civilizations in Africa . . . . 223
2 Kingdoms and States of Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
3 African Society and Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
CHAPTER 8
The Asian World, 400–1500 . . . . . . . . . . 244
1 China Reunified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
2 The Mongols and China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
3 Early Japan and Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
4 India after the Guptas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
5 Civilization in Southeast Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
CHAPTER 9
Emerging Europe and the Byzantine
Empire, 400–1300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
1 Transforming the Roman World . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
2 Feudalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
3 The Growth of European Kingdoms . . . . . . . . . 297
4 The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades . . . . . 303
CHAPTER 10
Europe in the Middle Ages,
1000–1500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
1 Peasants, Trade, and Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
2 Christianity and Medieval Civilization . . . . . . . . 323
3 The Culture of the High Middle Ages . . . . . . . . 329
4 The Late Middle Ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
CHAPTER 11
The Americas, 400–1500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
1 The Peoples of North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
2 Early Civilizations in Mesoamerica . . . . . . . . . . 352
3 Early Civilizations in South America . . . . . . . . . 359
UNIT 3
The Early Modern
World, 1400–1800 368
CHAPTER 12
Renaissance and Reformation,
1350–1600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
1 The Renaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
2 The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance . . . . . 382
3 The Protestant Reformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
4 The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic
Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
CHAPTER 13
The Age of Exploration, 1500–1800. . . 404
1 Exploration and Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
2 Africa in an Age of Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
3 Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice
Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
CHAPTER 14
Crisis and Absolutism in Europe,
1550–1715 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
1 Europe in Crisis: The Wars of Religion . . . . . . . 429
2 Social Crises, War, and Revolution . . . . . . . . . 434
3 Response to Crisis: Absolutism . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
4 The World of European Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
CHAPTER 15
The Muslim Empires, 1450–1800 . . . . . 454
1 The Ottoman Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
2 The Rule of the Safavids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
3 The Grandeur of the Moguls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
CHAPTER 16
The East Asian World, 1400–1800 . . . . 482
1 China at Its Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
2 Chinese Society and Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
3 Tokugawa Japan and Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
SPECIAL FEATURE
World Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504–507
CHAPTER 17
Revolution and Enlightenment,
1550–1800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
1 The Scientific Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
2 The Enlightenment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
3 The Impact of the Enlightenment . . . . . . . . . . . 526
4 Colonial Empires and the American
Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
CHAPTER 18
The French Revolution and Napoleon,
1789–1815 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
1 The French Revolution Begins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
2 Radical Revolution and Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
3 The Age of Napoleon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
UNIT 4
An Era of European
Imperialism, 1800–1914 574
CHAPTER 19
Industrialization and Nationalism,
1800–1870 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
1 The Industrial Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
2 Reaction and Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
3 National Unification and the National State . . . 596
4 Culture: Romanticism and Realism . . . . . . . . . 605
CHAPTER 20
Mass Society and Democracy,
1870–1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
1 The Growth of Industrial Prosperity . . . . . . . . . 615
2 The Emergence of Mass Society . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
3 The National State and Democracy . . . . . . . . . 629
4 Toward the Modern Consciousness . . . . . . . . . 636
CHAPTER 21
The Height of Imperialism,
1800–1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
1 Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
2 Empire Building in Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
3 British Rule in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
4 Nation Building in Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . 671
CHAPTER 22
East Asia Under Challenge,
1800–1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
1 The Decline of the Qing Dynasty . . . . . . . . . . . 683
2 Revolution in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
3 Rise of Modern Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
UNIT 5
The Twentieth-Century
Crisis, 1914–1945 710
CHAPTER 23
War and Revolution, 1914–1919. . . . . . 714
1 The Road to World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
2 The War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
3 The Russian Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732
4 End of the War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739
CHAPTER 24
The West Between the Wars,
1919–1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748
1 The Futile Search for Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751
2 The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758
3 Hitler and Nazi Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766
4 Cultural and Intellectual Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . 772
CHAPTER 25
Nationalism Around the World,
1919–1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
1 Nationalism in the Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781
2 Nationalism in Africa and Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
3 Revolutionary Chaos in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
4 Nationalism in Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
CHAPTER 26
World War II, 1939–1945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
1 Paths to War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
2 The Course of World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
3 The New Order and the Holocaust . . . . . . . . . . 824
4 The Home Front and the Aftermath of
the War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830
UNIT 6
Toward a Global
Civilization, 1945–Present 842
CHAPTER 27
Cold War and Postwar Changes,
1945–1970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846
1 Development of the Cold War . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849
2 The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe . . . . . . . 855
3 Western Europe and North America . . . . . . . . . 860
CHAPTER 28
The Contemporary Western World,
1970–Present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
1 Decline of the Soviet Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
2 Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
3 Europe and North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884
4 Western Society and Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889
CHAPTER 29
Latin America, 1945–Present. . . . . . . . . . 898
1 General Trends in Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . 901
2 Mexico, Cuba, and Central America . . . . . . . . . 906
3 The Nations of South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
CHAPTER 30
Africa and the Middle East,
1945–Present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918
1 Independence in Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921
2 Conflict in the Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929
CHAPTER 31
Asia and the Pacific, 1945–Present. . . . 938
1 Communist China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941
2 Independent States in South and Southeast
Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952
3 Japan and the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957
CHAPTER 32
Challenges and Hopes for
the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966
1 The Challenges of Our World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969
2 Global Visions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974